The American Revolution came about, fundamentally, because by 1763 the English-speaking communities on the far side of the Atlantic had matured to an extent that their interests and goals were distinct from those of the ruling classes in the mother country. British statesmen failed to understand or adjust to the situation.
Ironically enough, British victory in the Seven Years' War set the stage for the revolt, for it freed the colonists from the need for British protection against a French threat on their frontiers and gave free play to the forces working for separation.
MAIN CAUSES OF AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Adopting the policy that the colonies should pay an increased proportion of the costs associated with keeping them in the Empire, Britain imposed a series of direct taxes followed by other laws intended to demonstrate British authority, all of which proved extremely unpopular in America. Because the colonies lacked elected representation in the governing British Parliament, many colonists considered the laws to be illegitimate and a violation of their rights as Englishmen. In 1772, groups of colonists began to create committees of correspondence, which would lead to their own Provincial Congresses in most of the colonies. In the course of two years, the Provincial Congresses or their equivalents rejected the Parliament and effectively replaced the British ruling apparatus in the former colonies, culminating in 1774 with the coordinating First Continental Congress.
In response to protests in Boston over Parliament's attempts to assert authority, the British sent combat troops, took away self government, and imposed direct rule by Royal officials. Consequently, the colonies mobilized their militias, and fighting broke out in 1775.
First ostensibly loyal to King George III, the repeated pleas by the First Continental Congress for royal intervention with Parliament on their behalf resulted in the declaration by the King that the states were "in rebellion", and Congress traitors. In 1776, representatives from each of the original thirteen states voted unanimously in the Second Continental Congress to adopt a Declaration of Independence, which now rejected the British monarchy in addition to its Parliament. The Declaration established the United States, which was originally governed as a loose confederation through a representative government selected by state legislatures
1. Mercantile System
2. Right to Levee Taxes
3. Dissatisfactory Administrative System
4. Economic Exploitation
5. Export Sanction
6. Influence of Seven Years War (1756-1763)
7. Protection of Territory
8. Differences between Colonies and England
9. Right to Legislate
10. Heavy Taxation
11. Immediate Causes
• New Sever Acts
• Repressive Measures
• Congress of Philadelphia (1775)
• Oliver Branch Petition (1775)
12. Sever laws Measures
• Establishment of Admiralty court
• Molasses Act (1933)
• Royal Proclamation (1763)
• Sugar Act (1764)
• Stamp Act (1765)
• Declaratory Act (1766)
• Import tax act (1767)
• Intolerable Act (1774)
COURSE OF AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS
The American Revolution (1775-1783) began in 1775 as open conflict between the united thirteen colonies and Great Britain. By the Treaty of Paris that ended the war in 1783, the colonies had won their independence. While no one event can be pointed to as the actual cause of the revolution, the war began as a disagreement over the way in which Great Britain treated the colonies versus the way the colonies felt they should be treated. Americans felt they deserved all the rights of Englishmen.
The British, on the other hand, felt that the colonies were created to be used in the way that best suited the crown and parliament. This conflict is embodied in one of the rallying cries of the American Revolution: No Taxation without Representation.
1. Battle of Lexington (1775)
2. Battle of Concord (1775)
3. Battle of Bunker-Hill (1775)
4. Declaration of Independence (1776)
5. Battle of Saratoga (1777)
6. Battle of Yorktown (1781)
7. Treaty of Versailles (1783)
• Recognition of American Independence
• Canada, Nova Scotia & Newfoundland to England
• Minorca & Florida to Spain
• St. Lucia, Tobago & Senegal to France
CAUSES OF BRITISH FAILURE IN AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Whatever the American weaknesses, the British Government faced no easy task when it undertook to subdue the revolt by military force. Even though England possessed the central administration, stable financial system, and well-organized Army and Navy that the Americans so sorely lacked, the whole establishment was ill-prepared in 1775 for the struggle in America. A large burden of debt incurred in the wars of the preceding century had forced crippling economies on both Army and Navy. British administrative and supply systems, though far superior to anything the Americans could improvise, were also characterized by division and confusion of authority, and there was much corruption in high places.
1. Distance & Topography of Region
2. Failure to guess the strength of American colonies
3. Inefficiency of British War Minister: Germaine
4. Obstinate Tendency of George III
5. Intervention of France & Spain
6. Divide of Concentration
7. Lack of Support of British Masses
8. Extension of Battlefield
IMPACT OF AMERICAN REVOLUTION
The American Revolution (1775-1783) was one of the most famous wars in the history of our young country. It had many different types of effects. These effects can be divided into three groups: political, economical, and social. The American Revolution (1775-1783) had a significant political effect on the world. Since the colonists won, a new nation was born. This new nation would create new laws and new ideas such as insuring domestic tranquility, providing for the common defense, and promoting the general welfare. It would also become a world leader and set a precedent for centuries to come. The Revolution played an important role from an economic standpoint as well. Like most wars, the American Revolution strengthened the economy. It created a great deal of business for small shop workers. However, after the war, the new nation was in debt because of all the money it borrowed to fight the war. The Revolution was very important from a social aspect too. It showed the world that the strong and mighty army of England was in fact vulnerable. It created an alliance with France and many other countries. It would also be the foundation of our alliance with our greatest ally (Great Britain) in centuries to come. The American Revolution (1775-1783) was not just a war. It was the war that gave our country independence. The actions of our Founding Fathers set a precedent for almost all future leaders.
Ideals of republicanism that were adopted by the natives and settlers created the much required paradigm shift to fight colonialism. Writs of Assistance issued by British customs officials were challenged. The permission to whisk warehouses and ships without any cause and purely on suspicion was deliberated upon as violation of constitutional colonist rights. The Sugar Act that led to an economic downturn was hit with demonstrations and rebellious outbursts on the basis of 'no taxation without representation'. The Currency Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Acts and Quartering Act which were designed to exploit the ruled and secure British interests were systematically boycotted.
The agitated Americans indulged in protests and meetings. Despite the violent onslaught at the hands of the British troops, tempers remained flared. The people of the colonies soon began choosing representatives to deal with the crisis. There was no initial possibility for the unification of the leaders of the thirteen colonies, but the acts of rebellion were simultaneous throughout. After the famous Boston Tea Party, and the rather infamous shutting down of the harbor for trade, the representatives planned a congress in Philadelphia, to fight back and establish a new government.
Subsequently, an army was raised under the guidance of George Washington and the Declaration of Independence was signed on 4 July 1776, amidst chaos of the American Civil War in North America. The Americans proved the power of resilience and unified action. They gave the world a lesson in true democracy. The sheer determination of the Americans ousted British regime and established the United States of America as independent. The effects of the American Revolution have rippled on in time, within the character and spirit of every American, the democratic form of government adopted and leadership offered in the march against forces that refuse basic human rights to the global citizen.
1. New Colonial Policy
2. End of Personal Rule of George III
3. Set back in Trade & Commerce
4. Decline in Corruption & Bribery
5. Loss of naval base
6. Encouragement to Irish Policy
7. A cause for French Revolution (1789-1799)
8. Territorial gains to France
9. Strengthening of Sway over India
10. Policy of Exploitation was exposed
Ironically enough, British victory in the Seven Years' War set the stage for the revolt, for it freed the colonists from the need for British protection against a French threat on their frontiers and gave free play to the forces working for separation.
MAIN CAUSES OF AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Adopting the policy that the colonies should pay an increased proportion of the costs associated with keeping them in the Empire, Britain imposed a series of direct taxes followed by other laws intended to demonstrate British authority, all of which proved extremely unpopular in America. Because the colonies lacked elected representation in the governing British Parliament, many colonists considered the laws to be illegitimate and a violation of their rights as Englishmen. In 1772, groups of colonists began to create committees of correspondence, which would lead to their own Provincial Congresses in most of the colonies. In the course of two years, the Provincial Congresses or their equivalents rejected the Parliament and effectively replaced the British ruling apparatus in the former colonies, culminating in 1774 with the coordinating First Continental Congress.
In response to protests in Boston over Parliament's attempts to assert authority, the British sent combat troops, took away self government, and imposed direct rule by Royal officials. Consequently, the colonies mobilized their militias, and fighting broke out in 1775.
First ostensibly loyal to King George III, the repeated pleas by the First Continental Congress for royal intervention with Parliament on their behalf resulted in the declaration by the King that the states were "in rebellion", and Congress traitors. In 1776, representatives from each of the original thirteen states voted unanimously in the Second Continental Congress to adopt a Declaration of Independence, which now rejected the British monarchy in addition to its Parliament. The Declaration established the United States, which was originally governed as a loose confederation through a representative government selected by state legislatures1. Mercantile System
2. Right to Levee Taxes
3. Dissatisfactory Administrative System
4. Economic Exploitation
5. Export Sanction
6. Influence of Seven Years War (1756-1763)
7. Protection of Territory
8. Differences between Colonies and England
9. Right to Legislate
10. Heavy Taxation
11. Immediate Causes
• New Sever Acts
• Repressive Measures
• Congress of Philadelphia (1775)
• Oliver Branch Petition (1775)
12. Sever laws Measures
• Establishment of Admiralty court
• Molasses Act (1933)
• Royal Proclamation (1763)
• Sugar Act (1764)
• Stamp Act (1765)
• Declaratory Act (1766)
• Import tax act (1767)
• Intolerable Act (1774)
COURSE OF AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS
The American Revolution (1775-1783) began in 1775 as open conflict between the united thirteen colonies and Great Britain. By the Treaty of Paris that ended the war in 1783, the colonies had won their independence. While no one event can be pointed to as the actual cause of the revolution, the war began as a disagreement over the way in which Great Britain treated the colonies versus the way the colonies felt they should be treated. Americans felt they deserved all the rights of Englishmen.
The British, on the other hand, felt that the colonies were created to be used in the way that best suited the crown and parliament. This conflict is embodied in one of the rallying cries of the American Revolution: No Taxation without Representation.1. Battle of Lexington (1775)
2. Battle of Concord (1775)
3. Battle of Bunker-Hill (1775)
4. Declaration of Independence (1776)
5. Battle of Saratoga (1777)
6. Battle of Yorktown (1781)
7. Treaty of Versailles (1783)
• Recognition of American Independence
• Canada, Nova Scotia & Newfoundland to England
• Minorca & Florida to Spain
• St. Lucia, Tobago & Senegal to France
CAUSES OF BRITISH FAILURE IN AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Whatever the American weaknesses, the British Government faced no easy task when it undertook to subdue the revolt by military force. Even though England possessed the central administration, stable financial system, and well-organized Army and Navy that the Americans so sorely lacked, the whole establishment was ill-prepared in 1775 for the struggle in America. A large burden of debt incurred in the wars of the preceding century had forced crippling economies on both Army and Navy. British administrative and supply systems, though far superior to anything the Americans could improvise, were also characterized by division and confusion of authority, and there was much corruption in high places.
1. Distance & Topography of Region
2. Failure to guess the strength of American colonies
3. Inefficiency of British War Minister: Germaine
4. Obstinate Tendency of George III
5. Intervention of France & Spain
6. Divide of Concentration
7. Lack of Support of British Masses
8. Extension of Battlefield
IMPACT OF AMERICAN REVOLUTION
The American Revolution (1775-1783) was one of the most famous wars in the history of our young country. It had many different types of effects. These effects can be divided into three groups: political, economical, and social. The American Revolution (1775-1783) had a significant political effect on the world. Since the colonists won, a new nation was born. This new nation would create new laws and new ideas such as insuring domestic tranquility, providing for the common defense, and promoting the general welfare. It would also become a world leader and set a precedent for centuries to come. The Revolution played an important role from an economic standpoint as well. Like most wars, the American Revolution strengthened the economy. It created a great deal of business for small shop workers. However, after the war, the new nation was in debt because of all the money it borrowed to fight the war. The Revolution was very important from a social aspect too. It showed the world that the strong and mighty army of England was in fact vulnerable. It created an alliance with France and many other countries. It would also be the foundation of our alliance with our greatest ally (Great Britain) in centuries to come. The American Revolution (1775-1783) was not just a war. It was the war that gave our country independence. The actions of our Founding Fathers set a precedent for almost all future leaders.
Ideals of republicanism that were adopted by the natives and settlers created the much required paradigm shift to fight colonialism. Writs of Assistance issued by British customs officials were challenged. The permission to whisk warehouses and ships without any cause and purely on suspicion was deliberated upon as violation of constitutional colonist rights. The Sugar Act that led to an economic downturn was hit with demonstrations and rebellious outbursts on the basis of 'no taxation without representation'. The Currency Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Acts and Quartering Act which were designed to exploit the ruled and secure British interests were systematically boycotted.
The agitated Americans indulged in protests and meetings. Despite the violent onslaught at the hands of the British troops, tempers remained flared. The people of the colonies soon began choosing representatives to deal with the crisis. There was no initial possibility for the unification of the leaders of the thirteen colonies, but the acts of rebellion were simultaneous throughout. After the famous Boston Tea Party, and the rather infamous shutting down of the harbor for trade, the representatives planned a congress in Philadelphia, to fight back and establish a new government.
Subsequently, an army was raised under the guidance of George Washington and the Declaration of Independence was signed on 4 July 1776, amidst chaos of the American Civil War in North America. The Americans proved the power of resilience and unified action. They gave the world a lesson in true democracy. The sheer determination of the Americans ousted British regime and established the United States of America as independent. The effects of the American Revolution have rippled on in time, within the character and spirit of every American, the democratic form of government adopted and leadership offered in the march against forces that refuse basic human rights to the global citizen.
1. New Colonial Policy
2. End of Personal Rule of George III
3. Set back in Trade & Commerce
4. Decline in Corruption & Bribery
5. Loss of naval base
6. Encouragement to Irish Policy
7. A cause for French Revolution (1789-1799)
8. Territorial gains to France
9. Strengthening of Sway over India
10. Policy of Exploitation was exposed
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